Exploring the gender gap in referrals for children with ADHD and other disruptive behavior disorders.

OBJECTIVE The current study examined the impact of the gender of children with ADHD on teachers' perceptions toward inattentive, hyperactive, or oppositional behaviors, and how these perceptions relate to teachers' ratings of children's impairment and referral recommendations. METHOD Teachers read eight vignettes depicting boys and girls with different subtypes of ADHD, as well as one depicting comorbidity (ADHD + ODD). Teachers then completed measures of impairment, and responded to questions about what services they would likely refer for the child and why. RESULTS Teachers rated girls as being significantly more impaired and more in need of services than boys. Regardless of gender, teachers overwhelmingly reported preferring the use of behavior modification for the described child. Also, children who were described with symptoms of ADHD-predominately inattentive subtype were rated as being the least impaired, while girls described as hyperactive and impulsive were rated by teachers as being the most impaired. CONCLUSION The current study adds to previous literature on gender bias in ADHD referrals by providing evidence for the differential referral of ADHD boys and girls to treatment based on presentation of symptoms.